On the Soul and the Resurrection is work by Gregory of Nyssa, written upon his brother Basil's death, about the immortal soul and the infinity of God. The work is written in form of Socratic dialogue between Gregory who plays the part of an interlocutor and his older sister, St. Macrina, who plays the part of Socrates. Gregory deals with two topics of considerable importance in Christian theology: the immortality of the soul and the physicality of the resurrection. He confronts many of the arguments made by those who deny the existence of the soul or resurrection and gives thorough answers to the questions about the soul and the resurrection.

Gregory of Nyssa (335-395), was bishop of Nyssa and he is venerated as a saint in the Christian Church. Gregory, his elder brother Basil of Caesarea, and their friend Gregory of Nazianzus are collectively known as the Cappadocian Fathers. Gregory was an erudite theologian who made significant contributions to the doctrine of the Trinity and the Nicene Creed. Gregory's philosophical writings were influenced by Origen.